through europe - Europe http://th-rough.eu/taxonomy/term/43/0 en Tre Riflessioni Sull'Orlo Dell'Abisso http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-ita/tre-riflessioni-sullorlo-dellabisso <span class='print-link'></span><p class="rtecenter"> <img alt="" rel="lightbox" src="/sites/default/files2/Screen Shot 2015-03-10 at 10.29.29.png" style="width: 600px; height: 520px;" /></p> <p class="rtejustify"> <strong>L&rsquo;errore del 2005</strong><br /> &nbsp;<br /> Si avvicinano le elezioni dipartimentali in Francia, e i sondaggi dicono che il Front National sar&agrave; il grande vincitore. Il premier Manuel Valls ha rimproverato i cittadini francesi per la loro passivit&agrave;, e ha detto che gli intellettuali non fanno il loro dovere antifascista. Davvero Manuel Valls ha la faccia come il culo, che fuor di metafora vuol dire che proprio non tiene vergogna. I socialisti francesi come i democratici italiani hanno tradito le loro gi&agrave; pallide promesse di opporsi all&rsquo;oltranzismo austeritario, hanno gestito in prima persona la mattanza sociale, e ora fanno le vittime, si lamentano perch&eacute; il popolo non li segue e gli intellettuali non si impegnano.<br /> Lasciamo perdere gli intellettuali francesi che non esistono pi&ugrave; da almeno venti anni, a meno di considerare Bernard Henri Levy un intellettuale mentre a me pare che si tratti di un imbecille molto pericoloso, come dimostrano le sue campagne a favore dell&rsquo;intervento in Siria e in Libia.<br /> Non so come andranno a finire le elezioni francesi. Quel che so &egrave; che il Front National &egrave; la sola forza politica capace di interpretare i sentimenti prevalenti nel popolo francese: odio nazionalista riemergente contro l&rsquo;arroganza tedesca, e ribellione sociale contro la violenza finanziaria. Un mix inquietante ma potente, che cancella la distinzione tra destra e sinistra.<br /> Non so come andranno le elezioni. Le sorprese sono possibili perch&eacute; il sentimento anti-razzista dei francesi potrebbe alla fine sottrarre al Front National la vittoria. Ma &egrave; improbabile. Solo il movimento sociale che discende dalla tradizione del &rsquo;68 avrebbe potuto rappresentare le ragioni di un europeismo progressista, libertario, egualitario, ma il movimento sociale che discende dalla tradizione del &rsquo;68 non ha pi&ugrave; alcuna credibilit&agrave; almeno a partire dal 2005. In quell&rsquo;anno i francesi (e anche gli olandesi) furono chiamati a votare su un referendum a favore o contro la Costituzione europea che rappresentava la definitiva torsione in senso liberista del progetto europeo. L&rsquo;attenzione si concentr&ograve; sulla questione del mercato del lavoro: per il ceto politico europeo l&rsquo;obiettivo era soggiogare definitivamente il lavoro e ridurne il costo sfruttando il vantaggio della globalizzazione del mercato del lavoro.<br /> Ma i lavoratori francesi (e olandesi) compresero che il s&igrave; a quel referendum avrebbe sancito definitivamente la sottomissione del loro salario alle regole ferree del neo-liberismo: competizione feroce tra i lavoratori, riduzione costante del salario, aumento costante del tempo di lavoro.<br /> Dani Cohn Bendit e Toni Negri insieme si pronunciarono a favore del &ldquo;s&igrave;&rdquo; per il superamento dello Stato-nazione. Questa scelta sanciva l&rsquo;irrilevanza della cultura di origine sessantottina (e della cultura in generale) rispetto ai destini dell&rsquo;Unione, ma soprattutto dimostrava che non avevamo capito cosa fosse l&rsquo;Unione europea. Il discorso anti-sovranista si riduceva a un&rsquo;affermazione puramente formale: opporsi alla cessione di sovranit&agrave; &egrave; regressivo.<br /> E&rsquo; vero, ma a chi si stava cedendo sovranit&agrave;? Non a una forma politica democratica post nazionale, bens&igrave; a un organismo intergovernativo che aveva e ha la sola funzione di imporre gli interessi dell&rsquo;accumulazione di capitale finanziario, e di ridurre in completa soggezione il lavoro. &nbsp;<br /> Dopo il 2005 solo la destra ha finito per rappresentare la resistenza contro la violenza finanziaria.&nbsp; A partire del 2005 &egrave; cos&igrave; iniziata l&rsquo;ascesa del nazionalismo, che si presenta come difesa contro la dittatura finanziaria. I lavoratori francesi (e olandesi) sconfissero l&rsquo;offensiva neoliberista con il sostegno delle forze nazionaliste e delle forze pi&ugrave; retrograde del movimento operaio. Da quel momento in poi solo la destra &egrave; in grado di opporsi alla violenza finanziaria, al prezzo di un&rsquo;altra violenza che rischia di inghiottire il continente.</p> <p><a href="http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-ita/tre-riflessioni-sullorlo-dellabisso" target="_blank">read more</a></p> bifo-ita Europe urge Italian Tue, 10 Mar 2015 10:29:44 +0000 Franco Berardi Bifo 378 at http://th-rough.eu THE EUROPEAN UNION IS DEAD: How can we get rid of the corpse? How can we restart the process of creation of the union? http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-eng/european-union-dead-how-can-we-get-rid-corpse-how-can-we-restart-process-creation-u <span class='print-link'></span><div class="rtecenter"> <img alt="" rel="lightbox" src="/sites/default/files2/485650main_PIA02590-Europa.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: 357px;" /></div> <div> &nbsp;</div> <div> &ldquo;While our colleagues, friends and comrades in Southern Europe continue to rebel against the depletion and impoverishment policies of the Troika, the ECB moves into its new palace,&rdquo; the&nbsp;FF Blockupy website says.&nbsp;&ldquo;Blockupy moves on to the road. We will make our own move to the new building and give back to the ECB the garbage &ndash; in and with many moving boxes &ndash; that should have been thrown into the dustbin of history: racist and sexist division, impoverishment, privatization of public funds and goods and wars to secure resources.&rdquo;</div> <div> &nbsp;</div> <div> During the last month, after the victory of Syriza we have been finally obliged to understand the meaning, the nature and the destiny of the European Union.</div> <div> &nbsp;</div> <div> Aggression against society, predation of social resources, this is the meaning of the Union. Obliteration of democracy is the nature, systemic collapse and civil war the destiny. On March 18th in Frankfurt a demonstration will take place to celebrate the inauguration of the new building of the European Central Bank whose cost is 1.3 billion Euros.<br /> &nbsp;</div> <div> Until one month ago my opinion was based on a principle: reclaiming national sovereignty is a reactionary act that opens the way to nationalism. The interesting mission is the transformation of the Union.&nbsp;</div> <p><a href="http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-eng/european-union-dead-how-can-we-get-rid-corpse-how-can-we-restart-process-creation-u" target="_blank">read more</a></p> bifo-eng EU Europe English Fri, 27 Feb 2015 17:44:38 +0000 Franco Berardi Bifo 376 at http://th-rough.eu Con Tsipras contra el absolutismo financiero http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-esp/con-tsipras-contra-el-absolutismo-financiero <span class='print-link'></span><div class="rtejustify"> Alexis Tsipras representa la resistencia de la sociedad griega contra la agresi&oacute;n financiera, y para m&iacute; este es suficiente motivo para apoyar p&uacute;blicamente y votar su candidatura&nbsp; a las elecciones europeas. &iquest;Cu&aacute;l es el objetivo de esta candidatura? Si en las elecciones solamente conseguimos un pronunciamiento de la minor&iacute;a senil y tardo-gauchista (de la cual formo parte) a favor del &uacute;nico joven europeo que no es moralmente corrupto ni intelectualmente conformista, no ser&aacute; un gran resultado.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> <br /> Es por eso que asumiendo el empe&ntilde;o en construir las condiciones culturales y pol&iacute;ticas para una afirmaci&oacute;n de esta candidatura, debemos pensar sobre los escenarios que puede abrir una campa&ntilde;a a favor de Tsipras, a la hora de una recomposici&oacute;n cultural y social.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> <br /> &nbsp;&nbsp; No tengo ninguna confianza en la democracia representativa. Es evidente la corrupci&oacute;n de las instituciones democr&aacute;ticas ante el capital financiero. Por otra parte, la Uni&oacute;n Europea es constitutivamente una autocracia financiera, desde el momento en que las decisiones del Banco Central Europeo se toman al margen del Parlamento. Entonces, &iquest;por qu&eacute; movilizarse, por qu&eacute; votar?</div> <div class="rtejustify"> <br /> La sociedad europea est&aacute; deprimida, desintegrada, irascible. La campa&ntilde;a a favor de Tsipras debe abrir la posibilidad de un proceso unitario de solidaridad y de revuelta, de insolvencia y de independencia de la vida cotidiana de la dictadura financiera o no servir&aacute; de nada.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> </div><p><a href="http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-esp/con-tsipras-contra-el-absolutismo-financiero" target="_blank">read more</a></p> bifo-esp Europe european elections finance tsipras Spanish Wed, 26 Feb 2014 14:14:26 +0000 Franco Berardi Bifo 361 at http://th-rough.eu With Tsipras, against financial absolutism http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-eng/tsipras-against-financial-absolutism <span class='print-link'></span><div class="rtejustify"> Alexis Tsipras represents the resistance of Greek society against the financial aggression, and for me this would be enough to declare my support to the political list which will have him as their candidate for the next European elections, and to vote for him.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> But what are the aims of Tsipras&#39; list? If the outcome of these elections will be merely the expression of an elderly and late-lefty minority (to which I belong) in support of the only young and not yet morally corrupt European politician, it won&rsquo;t be a great result. Thus, as we take upon ourselves the task of creating the conditions for a success of Tsipras&#39; list, we have to think both about the new horizons which could be opened by a campaign in favour of Tsipras, and about the effects of cultural and social recomposition to which we can aspire.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> &nbsp;</div> <div class="rtejustify"> I don&rsquo;t have any faith in representative democracy. The void left within democratic institutions by the automatisms of financial capital is now a matter of fact and of common sense. And the European Union is fundamentally a financial autocracy, since the decisions of the European Central Bank are removed from the sphere of influence of the Parliament.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> European society is depressed, fragmented, rabidly aggressive. The process of disintegration of the European Union is now too advanced to be arrested. The identitarian egoisms which have been aroused by financial violence are destined to produce their devastating effects. We should have no illusions.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> So, what is the point of getting involved, of voting at all?</div> <div class="rtejustify"> &nbsp;</div> <p><a href="http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-eng/tsipras-against-financial-absolutism" target="_blank">read more</a></p> bifo-eng Europe european left european movement technology tsipras workers struggle English Wed, 12 Feb 2014 12:34:21 +0000 Franco Berardi Bifo 358 at http://th-rough.eu The Holy Southern Empire: a proposal for Southern European anarcho-papism http://th-rough.eu/writers/campagna-eng/holy-southern-empire-proposal-southern-european-anarcho-papism <span class='print-link'></span><div class="rteright"> <em>Cura hominum potuit tantam componere Romam,<br /> </em></div> <div class="rteright"> <em>quantam non potuit solvere cura deum.<br /> </em></div> <div class="rteright"> Hildebertus, <em>Carmina Minora</em>, no.36</div> <div class="rtejustify"> &nbsp;</div> <div class="rtejustify"> &nbsp;</div> <div class="rtejustify"> <strong>Beyond the Latin Empire</strong></div> <div class="rtejustify"> &nbsp;</div> <div class="rtejustify"> A few months ago, the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben published a short <a href="http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/3593961-latin-empire-should-strike-back">article </a>on the opportunity to rethink the EU along its cultural traditions, rather than its economic dogmas. Agamben based his article on the work of the Russian-French philosopher Alexandre Kojeve, who presented the case for the political union of France, Italy and Spain in a culturally homogeneous Latin Empire which was to be politically and economically lead by France, and opposed to the Anglo-German block.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> &nbsp;</div> <div class="rtejustify"> Despite the violent public reaction that followed Agamben&rsquo;s piece, I would claim that, if Agamben is to be judge guilty of something, it is not of having been too provocative, but not enough.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> &nbsp;</div> <p><a href="http://th-rough.eu/writers/campagna-eng/holy-southern-empire-proposal-southern-european-anarcho-papism" target="_blank">read more</a></p> campagna-eng agamben anarchism baroque catholicism Europe holy southern empire individualist anarchism southern europe English Mon, 16 Sep 2013 09:20:05 +0000 Federico Campagna 343 at http://th-rough.eu Beppe Grillo's Children's Crusade - a brief examination of the first millenarian mass-movement of 21st century Europe http://th-rough.eu/writers/campagna-eng/beppe-grillos-childrens-crusade-brief-examination-first-millenarian-mass-moveme <span class='print-link'></span><div class="rtejustify"> On February 24<sup>th </sup>and 25<sup>th</sup> all Italian citizens above the age of 18 were called to vote for the new Parliament. After almost 20 years of declining stagnation under Berlusconi&rsquo;s rule, and after the brief but devastating experience of &lsquo;austerity politics&rsquo; as enforced by Monti, everybody expected the Italian Left to conquer absolute majority in both chambers of the Parliament. Electoral results came as a shock to most: Berlusconi caught up with the Left-wing coalition, gathering almost 30% of the votes, Monti&rsquo;s party stopped at 10%, while Movimento 5 Stelle (M5S), an as-yet-unseen populist movement led by former TV comedian Beppe Grillo, conquered an unexpected 25% of preferences and became the single most voted party in a hung Parliament.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> &nbsp;</div> <div class="rtejustify"> Although there are several interesting aspects to this situation &ndash; not least the Left&rsquo;s astonishing inability to win even under the most favourable conditions, or Berlusconi&rsquo;s equally astonishing ability to survive against all odds &ndash; I would like to focus on Beppe Grillo&rsquo;s M5S, which constitutes an interesting and dangerous novelty in the Italian and European scenarios.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> &nbsp;</div> <p><a href="http://th-rough.eu/writers/campagna-eng/beppe-grillos-childrens-crusade-brief-examination-first-millenarian-mass-moveme" target="_blank">read more</a></p> campagna-eng Beppe Grillo children's crusade Europe Italian elections millenarism Movimento 5 Stelle English Thu, 28 Feb 2013 16:26:37 +0000 Federico Campagna 319 at http://th-rough.eu La sconfitta dell’anti-Europa comincia in Italia http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-ita/la-sconfitta-dell%E2%80%99anti-europa-comincia-italia <span class='print-link'></span><div class="rtejustify"> L&rsquo;unione europea nacque come progetto di pace e di solidariet&agrave; sociale raccogliendo l&rsquo;eredit&agrave; della cultura socialista e internazionalista che si oppose al fascismo.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> Negli anni &rsquo;90 le grandi centrali del capitalismo finanziario hanno deciso di distruggere il modello europeo, e dalla firma del Trattato di Maastricht in poi hanno scatenato un&rsquo;aggressione neoliberista. Negli ultimi tre anni l&rsquo;anti-Europa della BCE e della Deutsche Bank ha preso l&rsquo;occasione della crisi finanziaria americana del 2008 per trasformare la diversit&agrave; culturale interna al continente europeo (le culture protestanti gotiche e comunitarie, le culture cattoliche barocche e individualiste, le culture ortodosse spiritualiste e iconoclaste) in un fattore di disgregazione politica dell&rsquo;unione europea, e soprattutto per piegare la resistenza del lavoro alla definitiva sottomissione al globalismo capitalista. Riduzione drastica del salario, eliminazione del limite delle otto ore di lavoro quotidiano, precarizzazione del lavoro giovanile e rinvio della pensione per gli anziani, privatizzazione dei servizi. La popolazione europea deve pagare il debito accumulato dal sistema finanziario perch&eacute; il debito funziona come un&rsquo;arma puntata alla tempia dei lavoratori.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> Cosa accadr&agrave;? Due cose possono accadere: o il movimento del lavoro riesce a fermare questa offensiva e riesce a mettere in moto un processo di ricostruzione sociale dell&rsquo;Unione europea, o il prossimo decennio vedr&agrave; in&nbsp; molti luoghi d&rsquo;Europa esplodere la guerra civile, il fascismo crescer&agrave; dovunque, e il lavoro sar&agrave; sottomesso a condizioni di sfruttamento ottocentesco.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> Ma come fermare l&rsquo;offensiva?</div> <p><a href="http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-ita/la-sconfitta-dell%E2%80%99anti-europa-comincia-italia" target="_blank">read more</a></p> bifo-ita Beppe Grillo Europe Italian Elections 2013 Italy M5S Movimento 5 Stelle resistance struggle Italian Tue, 26 Feb 2013 17:21:01 +0000 Franco Berardi Bifo 318 at http://th-rough.eu Europe's Agony http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-eng/europes-agony <span class='print-link'></span><div class="rtejustify"> The form is swallowing the content.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> Capital as a form is no more able to hold together the entropic force of global society, but so far the agony of capitalism is not coinciding with the emergence of autonomous forms of society.&nbsp; Biopolitical innervations of capital in the collective mind and the body are producing in fact a spasm paralyzing the process of subjectivation.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> The black hole of financial abstraction is swallowing and destroying the product of two centuries of development and civilization, and is aggressing its content: the productive potency of the general intellect. The social civilization, created during the Modern age is invested and corroded by the metastases of the financial cancer.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> How can the content get free from the form? This is the question that we should answer, while, as you can see, the building of civilization is crumbling.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> &nbsp;</div> <p><a href="http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-eng/europes-agony" target="_blank">read more</a></p> bifo-eng crisis Europe English Thu, 01 Nov 2012 11:58:30 +0000 Franco Berardi Bifo 300 at http://th-rough.eu El derecho a la insolvencia http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-esp/el-derecho-la-insolvencia <span class='print-link'></span><div class="rtejustify"> <strong>Austeridad en Europa</strong> <p> Los fan&aacute;ticos del fundamentalismo econ&oacute;mico dicen que &ldquo;el trabajador alem&aacute;n no quiere pagar las facturas del pescador griego&rdquo; y, mientras tanto, enfrentan a los trabajadores entre s&iacute;, llevando a Europa al borde de la guerra civil.</p> <p> La&nbsp;entidad que es &quot;Europa&quot; fue concebida a ra&iacute;z de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, como un proyecto para superar el nacionalismo moderno y crear una uni&oacute;n no identitaria basada en los principios del humanismo, la ilustraci&oacute;n y la justicia social. &iquest;Qu&eacute; queda de este proyecto original, despu&eacute;s del reciente colapso financiero que ha asaltado la econom&iacute;a estadounidense y ha puesto en peligro a la zona euro? Desde el comienzo de la Uni&oacute;n Europea, el perfil constitucional de la entidad europea ha sido d&eacute;bilmente definido, de manera que el objetivo econ&oacute;mico de prosperidad y las limitaciones del monetarismo financiero han tomado el lugar de una constituci&oacute;n. En la d&eacute;cada de 1990, el Tratado de Maastricht marc&oacute; un punto de inflexi&oacute;n en este proceso. Sancion&oacute; la constitucionalizaci&oacute;n de la regla monetarista y sus implicaciones econ&oacute;micas: una disminuci&oacute;n del gasto social, reducci&oacute;n de los costes laborales y un aumento de la competencia y la productividad. Los efectos de una aplicaci&oacute;n intolerante de las reglas de Maastricht se hicieron evidentes en 2010: aplastando a Grecia e Irlanda y poniendo en peligro otros pa&iacute;ses, la crisis financiera mostr&oacute; las contradicciones entre los deseos de crecimiento econ&oacute;mico y estabilidad social, y la rigidez monetarista. En esta situaci&oacute;n, las reglas de Maastricht han demostrado ser peligrosas, y la concepci&oacute;n global de la UE, basado en el protagonismo de la competencia econ&oacute;mica, ha revelado su fragilidad.</p> <p> &nbsp;</p> </div><p><a href="http://th-rough.eu/writers/bifo-esp/el-derecho-la-insolvencia" target="_blank">read more</a></p> bifo-esp crisis debt Europe european movement fascism finance insolvency social body Spanish Thu, 23 Feb 2012 22:27:50 +0000 Franco Berardi Bifo 264 at http://th-rough.eu Talk at KAFCA conference, Barcelona 2/12/2011 http://th-rough.eu/writers/campagna-eng/talk-kafca-conference-barcelona-2122011 <span class='print-link'></span><div class="rtejustify"> This piece derives in part from an article I wrote in October 2011, titled <a href="http://th-rough.eu/writers/campagna-eng/recurring-dreams-red-heart-fascism"><em>Recurring Dreams: the red heart of fascism</em></a>. In that article, I tried to analyze two different types of debt (the money-debt and the life-debt) in the light of the history of Western capitalism and of the current financial crisis. Also, I drew a number of comparisons between the current European/American situation and the one experienced during the inter-war period by those countries defeated in WWI. I attempted to warn of a recurrence of the breeding times of fascism/nazism, in which people&rsquo;s exasperation for the devastating effects of a debt crisis risks turning into the desire for a higher authority to take absolute control and impose a new order. Finally, I warned of the &lsquo;red&rsquo; &ndash; that is, left-wing, social &ndash; core of the early 20th century versions of fascism and nazism, and I identified similar desires in vast strata of today&rsquo;s left.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> &nbsp;</div> <div class="rtejustify"> Since I wrote that text, however, things have changed. With the rise of unelected, technocratic governments in Italy and Greece, with the deepening of the crisis and the enforcement of even more austerity measures, with the waves of occupations and repression in countless countries, and, most notably, with the umpteenth split in the left, the set of dangers and opportunities, I believe, has changed. To the risk of fascism, still present in the hearts of many, especially on the populist fringes, I would like to add that of authoritarian social capitalism. To the opportunity of revolutionary politics, I would like to add that of prefigurative-politics and of anarchist reformism.</div> <div class="rtejustify"> &nbsp;</div> <p><a href="http://th-rough.eu/writers/campagna-eng/talk-kafca-conference-barcelona-2122011" target="_blank">read more</a></p> campagna-eng anarchism debt Europe movement reformism social-capitalism technocrats work English Wed, 07 Dec 2011 10:34:54 +0000 Federico Campagna 241 at http://th-rough.eu